Organization

Spatial Relationships

Previously, we have looked at form and defining space.  However, very few buildings are made up of just space.  They are more often composed of numerous spaces that relate to each other in function, proximity, or circulation.  There are several ways that two spaces may be related to each other:

Space within a Space

A space may be contained within the volume of a larger space.  The edges of the interior space must be visible for the space to read as a space within a space.

 

Interlocking Spaces

This happens when the field of a space overlaps the volume of another space.

 

Adjacent Spaces

Two spaces sharing a common border or sitting next to each other are considered adjacent.

Spaces Linked by a Common Space

Two spaces may rely on an middle space to form a relationship.

Spatial Organizations

There are several basic ways in which we as designers organize the spaces of a building.  Typically, there are requirements for the various spaces within a building.  Requirements such as:

•Incorporating Specific Functions or Forms

•Flexible

•Similar Functions that must be Grouped into a Functional Cluster

•Light, Ventilation, Outlook, or Access to Outdoor Space

•Privacy

•Accessibility

By arranging spaces in an organized manner a designer can clarify the importance and function of a space.  Deciding what type of organization to use depends on:

•Demands of the building program:  functional proximities, dimensional requirements, hierarchical classification, and requirements for access, light, or view.

•Exterior conditions.

Centralized Organization

Secondary spaces are grouped around a central, dominant space.  This organizational system acts as a unifying agent with concentrated, stabling characteristics.

Linear Organization

A linear sequence of repetitive spaces.  This form of organization directs the eye and gives the sense of following a path.

Radial Organization

Linear organizations of space extended from a central space in a radial manner.

 

Clustered Organization

Spaces are  grouped by proximity or a common visual trait or relationship.  This organizational system provides flexibility and changeability.

 

Grid Organization

Spaces organized within the field of a structural grid or other three-dimensional framework.  This sets up a proportional system that provides a frame of order or reference.